Tuesday, April 23, 2013
Monday, April 22, 2013
Call to guide youths on higher studies —II
The Pakistan government does not see who is teaching which syllabus or their set of syllabus is the requirement of the country. Language is the major issue of Pakistani educational institutions as some are focused on the English language while others are teaching the language in Urdu accent. Pakistani students and educationists are unaware of global education demands while amendments in the required education system could be made by politicians. But it is also a fact those have knowledge of it are unable to contest and win elections. The next government should engage people who are aware of changing global educational requirements in education policymaking and make then ministers or advisers and also empower them to make decisions.
Q: Are Pakistani youths capable of bringing the country out of crisis?
A: Yes, Pakistani youths are competent and intelligent and aware of everything. Pakistani students, who went to the US, the UK and Australia, were hired there due to their capabilities and some are working at ministerial level and the Pakistani brain is playing a vital role in the growth of the western world. Why cannot we stop brain drain, bring Pakistanis back to the country who are working at top level abroad? Great importance is attached to education in the US and the UK and consultative committees of stakeholders are formed and governments give preferences to recommendations of the committees. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan was also established on the same pattern but its powers were limited as compared to US and UK educational institutions. Educational monitoring institutions of the US and the UK hold strict audit of their institutions and check students are satisfied with their education. The consultative committees interview students and if they are not satisfied with their university education, the committees stop universities from educating students. The committees also look into the available research material, libraries and reference sections of the universities, check research and theory materials and those lacking are closed. Students are also given representation in the committees while universities also provide opportunities to students to give their suggestions to review committees.
It is the responsibility of the Pakistani government to learn from the experiences of other countries and reform education in accordance with local requirements. In Pakistan, teachers or vice-principals are part of school committees but their responsibilities are limited to review daily expenses. School management committees are not empowered in Pakistan while the Directorate of Education Department has all powers. Whenever local level changes are required, everything moves to Lahore. There is a need to empower committees at local level but in Pakistan 90 per cent power is held by either politicians or education secretary. These are people who send their children abroad for education and never return due to poor standards as they cannot adjust with the Pakistani system. In other words, children of Pakistani politicians and bureaucrats have become part of the foreign education system and their elders are unaware of changes in the western education system.
Q: Can education sector expenditure solve problems?
A: Surely, advantages of the education sector equal other sectors as in the long run education sector expenditures will give more benefits than all other sectors. Education is a solution to all problems, ranging from law and order, energy crisis, health and other civic facilities, bad governance, corruption and others. Only that country will rule whose education system is better. In the past, the US and the UK provided better education systems and prioritised education to other sectors and became superpowers. Other evils of society will automatically eradicate with increase in education sector spending. Highly qualified persons can evolve better economic policies and bring the country out of poverty. Nobody knows how to end the energy crisis as irrelevant persons are appointed on technical positions. We can lay the foundation of revolutionary changes by appointing education sector experts as ministers, advisers or on other positions like heads of universities, syllabi authorities etc. The fate of Pakistan can be changed within two to six years by correcting the direction of the education sector.
Q-Our teachers too use unfair means in examination?
A-We have certain so-called education experts whose researches are found to be exact copies of others. Some experts cut and paste through computers and produce fake research papers. How can they develop the country when they steal others’ researches? Breaking laws are their second nature.
Q-What is the number of those who are getting genuine degrees?
A-According to a 2010-11 report, the enrolment for higher degrees was 868,000. The youths were getting education in different categories but their majority did not understand changes occurring in the world and their systems, nor they upgraded their personalities according to requirements of modern times.
Q-Can franchise education system bring any improvement to education standard?
A number of franchises and experts of various education systems are busy marketing themselves in our country on a daily basis, promoting their own brands of education systems. But they do not understand international trends of changes or international marketing. Europe has kept a more vigilant eye on the needs of Pakistan and other countries than us. When Islamic banking began spreading in our country and State Bank evolved the rules and regulations, western universities started new degrees in the field. A British university awarded degrees in Islamic banking over eight years back when we could not even think of it. Our banks adjusted their old workers in Islamic banking by giving them little training without proper expertise or experience. Due to these deficiencies, the sector could neither make significant progress according to requirements, nor generate enough job opportunities. The biggest hurdle to progress in the sector is the shortage of expert manpower. Several departments of Islamic banking are not taught in Pakistan altogether. Our degrees lack internationalisation. We look away from changes at world level. Then our students who study abroad chose to settle there. In this way, western countries are making full advantage of internationalization. We can take advantage of ‘cross-border education’, that is, students can study with universities outside their countries through the internet. In this way, students of most backward countries can take degrees of top world class universities. One such degree is to study for some time in one’s own country and then go to a foreign country. But the standard of education should not be compromised in any condition. We need experts of sectors which face crisis. After a severe power crisis, we should promote education in this sector. Take services of experts in energy conservation. Poverty is a big problem and degrees are available in this sector. We have spent hundreds of billions of rupees in the last few years to eliminate poverty but results are poor because funds were probably not spent in the right direction due to lack of planning. We need experts in poverty alleviation so we should have started new degrees in this sector. In the health sector, first dengue struck and now measles is a big danger. Billions of rupees were spent to prepare vaccine and acquire experts to control the epidemics. When a new disease is spread in the west, the officials sector and education institutions begin research on it immediately. Pakistan needs new degrees for dengue prevention and cure. We could have sent 15 to 20 experts to foreign countries to learn their expertise and serve the country after coming back. If our experts continue to settle abroad we will not be able to control the situation inside the country. Politicians need to make policies in this regard. Our literacy rate is estimated at 50 to 55 percent but actually it is below 30 per cent. We have been giving too many privileges to a certain class and need to change the policy to divert the privileges to the deserving.
Q: Your main focus remained degrees or standard?
A: For higher education, we focus on getting more degrees but the level of education should be given importance. Every university has its own method of entrance test, should not politicians think about it? In our country, every university has established its own method of entrance test and examination system which is different than the other university. A uniform policy at national level is the need of the hour because some institutes have an inclination toward certain class of society. The inclination needs to be removed.
A well thought-out method of entrance test should be applied uniformly to all higher educational institutes. Due to poor policies, every school is holding an entrance test of its own. So the same entrance test should be conducted at O-level and A-levels. English school system and Madaris school system are producing different kinds of people in a same society. In some institutes, the trend of science learning does not exist which is alarming for students. The government should also send experts in schools for guidance of students. All institutes should have the same curriculum and English should be declared as a medium of learning at primary level which will surely leave an impact on the education sector at primary level. Trained teachers at primary level will enhance the learning of students who would do well at higher level. By adopting the same way of learning, unbalancing of our educational system would be decreased. That’s why we need good policymakers.
Q: We have Boards at our school and colleges levels?
A: In higher educational institutes, principals do not enjoy power as they cannot recruit or transfer any staffer. Devolution of power is needed at lower level and for this purpose, a devolution policy should be made to facilitate students. A college principal can better understand problems of a student. Nowadays, a music teacher is teaching sports, on Physics seat, an English teacher is teaching and similarly, at the post of English, English teachers are teaching. The process is affecting the whole educational system.
Q: Can we improve our education sector by sending experts to far-flung areas instead of opening new universities?
A: I have mentioned earlier the hard allowance which was related to it. Everywhere in the world, hard allowance is given to all those who work in tough circumstances. Army also gives that allowance to its personnel deployed at Siachen and other difficult points. Their deployment at those points is part of their training. We can also lay down the foundation of overcoming the backwardness of far-flung areas by sending our educational experts but to achieve that we have to award extra allowance to the teachers. People of backward areas should benefit from those well-trained experts. Extra expenditures will have to be borne if hundreds of students would come to Lahore and Karachi for higher learning due to lack of required institutes. We can help such students in higher learning at their doorsteps by giving experts extra pay. By establishing such a network, we can improve mental strength of students of Gilgit-Baltistan, DI Khan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Fata.
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Vani no way to fend feuds
Vani is a local custom of giving females mostly minors in marriage by an offending party to the males of the victim party as consideration of compromising offences. Agonizingly, in most of the cases the elderly ones are asked to marry Vani (minor) girls. Despite being criminalized under the Prevention of Anti-Women Practices Act, passed in 2011, the Vani cases are continuously making headlines in the national press. Earlier this week, a Jirga in Dera Bugti, Balochistan declared 13 girls Vani in a bid to settle a murder conflict between the Bagirani and Shahwani tribes of the area. Similarly, on October 4, two Vani cases were reported from separate localities of Mansehra.
According to a report, as many as 341 cases of forced marriages have been reported in 27 districts in May 2012. The report further says that cases of forced marriages have decreased in Punjab and Sindh while a significant increase of 66 per cent was registered in Islamabad Capital Territory from where 24 cases were reported as compared to last year’s nine. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan also observed an increase. Knowingly the Vani custom is illegal rather a serious crime in Pakistan and it can be avoided under the Islamic law of Deet yet the “elders in the society†practice it, ignoring the punishment under the law of the land.
Of late, the Supreme Courts of Pakistan has taken serious notice and action against the continuation of the practice. On Thursday hearing the suo motu notice of a Jirga, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that the girls and the tribal elders involved in the Dera Bugti Vani incident be presented before it and the case be thoroughly investigated.
The court also summoned Sarfaraz Bugti, a cousin of a local MPA Mir Tariq Masuri, who allegedly chaired the Jirga to appear before the court. Obviously, the law will take its course and the violators will not go unpunished—at least such is the resolve of the Chief Justice of Pakistan.
The matter of serious concern is that the custom is outlawed and punishable with jail term up to seven years and a fine to the tune of Rs 0.5 million yet the influential people continue to practice these customs to settle their disputes, upholding the personal interests and fake egos, hardly taking into account the contempt, the hatred and the feeling of being scapegoats, the girls have to live with in for rest of their lives. The Vani girls have to surrender themselves like slaves enduring the pain, the agony and the punishment for sins they have never committed.
The custom is mostly practiced in relatively under-developed areas and amongst illiterate segments of the society living under the influence of macho men, sardars and waderas hence should be dealt with iron-hands putting a firm stamp that the law firmly stands by the weak and fair sex, and more so they are human beings not the sacrificial animals who can be bartered to fend off the feuds.
Posted in "The Frontier Post"
http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/186454/
According to a report, as many as 341 cases of forced marriages have been reported in 27 districts in May 2012. The report further says that cases of forced marriages have decreased in Punjab and Sindh while a significant increase of 66 per cent was registered in Islamabad Capital Territory from where 24 cases were reported as compared to last year’s nine. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan also observed an increase. Knowingly the Vani custom is illegal rather a serious crime in Pakistan and it can be avoided under the Islamic law of Deet yet the “elders in the society†practice it, ignoring the punishment under the law of the land.
Of late, the Supreme Courts of Pakistan has taken serious notice and action against the continuation of the practice. On Thursday hearing the suo motu notice of a Jirga, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that the girls and the tribal elders involved in the Dera Bugti Vani incident be presented before it and the case be thoroughly investigated.
The court also summoned Sarfaraz Bugti, a cousin of a local MPA Mir Tariq Masuri, who allegedly chaired the Jirga to appear before the court. Obviously, the law will take its course and the violators will not go unpunished—at least such is the resolve of the Chief Justice of Pakistan.
The matter of serious concern is that the custom is outlawed and punishable with jail term up to seven years and a fine to the tune of Rs 0.5 million yet the influential people continue to practice these customs to settle their disputes, upholding the personal interests and fake egos, hardly taking into account the contempt, the hatred and the feeling of being scapegoats, the girls have to live with in for rest of their lives. The Vani girls have to surrender themselves like slaves enduring the pain, the agony and the punishment for sins they have never committed.
The custom is mostly practiced in relatively under-developed areas and amongst illiterate segments of the society living under the influence of macho men, sardars and waderas hence should be dealt with iron-hands putting a firm stamp that the law firmly stands by the weak and fair sex, and more so they are human beings not the sacrificial animals who can be bartered to fend off the feuds.
Posted in "The Frontier Post"
http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/186454/
Sunday, April 21, 2013
‘Only 53pc girls, 48pc boys in city aware of reproductive health rights’
Most parents and teachers are reluctant to discuss sensitive issues with children and inform them about the physical and emotional aspects of puberty, which pushes them to seek information from unreliable sources and exposes them to exploitation.
This finding was derived from a baseline study conducted by LifeLine, a non-governmental organisation.
Addressing a press conference in Jamshoro on Friday, Chief Executive LifeLine Omer Aftab said there was a severe lack of information in the 100 million-plus Pakistani youth.
To date, no serious, concerted efforts have been made to sensitise them on their basic rights. Without proper guidance, youths adopt bad ways and are scarred for life. The LSBE course, which is a major initiative, is being taught mostly in urban and semi-urban areas and ignores 62 percent of the population.
The objective of the study was to “gauge and assess the level of understanding of different key stakeholders about adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health right (SRHR) issues,” he said
Data was collected from nine districts of Pakistan — Islamabad, Lahore, Lodhran, Karachi, Jamshoro, Peshawar, Abbottabad, Quetta and Pishin. Adolescents, parents, teachers, politicians, prominent religious leaders, EDOs, district managers of population welfare departments and NGOs’ representatives of the select districts made the target respondents for the study.
Sixty-two percent of girls and 67 percent of boys in Islamabad have heard about their reproductive health rights, as compared to only 39 percent of girls and 50 percent of boys in Lahore, and 53 percent of girls and 48 percent of boys in Karachi.
Knowledge about contraceptive practices, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), emotional aspects of growing up and gender-based violence is low. These findings are also the part of the baseline study.
Lifeline also conducted a curriculum review and Learning Needs Assessment (LNA) of the Life Skill Based Education (LSBE) course taught in certain schools. The course imparts basic knowledge to adolescents to help them to cope with the physiological, psychological, political and social changes in their lives.
LifeLine’s review of this course says 84 percent of students between 12 and 15 years are in favour of the course being taught in schools.
Furthermore, no objections were raised to teaching the LSBE course by any quarter, including religious leaders and politicians.
http://images.thenews.com.pk/21-04-2013/ethenews/e-172564.htm
This finding was derived from a baseline study conducted by LifeLine, a non-governmental organisation.
Addressing a press conference in Jamshoro on Friday, Chief Executive LifeLine Omer Aftab said there was a severe lack of information in the 100 million-plus Pakistani youth.
To date, no serious, concerted efforts have been made to sensitise them on their basic rights. Without proper guidance, youths adopt bad ways and are scarred for life. The LSBE course, which is a major initiative, is being taught mostly in urban and semi-urban areas and ignores 62 percent of the population.
The objective of the study was to “gauge and assess the level of understanding of different key stakeholders about adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health right (SRHR) issues,” he said
Data was collected from nine districts of Pakistan — Islamabad, Lahore, Lodhran, Karachi, Jamshoro, Peshawar, Abbottabad, Quetta and Pishin. Adolescents, parents, teachers, politicians, prominent religious leaders, EDOs, district managers of population welfare departments and NGOs’ representatives of the select districts made the target respondents for the study.
Sixty-two percent of girls and 67 percent of boys in Islamabad have heard about their reproductive health rights, as compared to only 39 percent of girls and 50 percent of boys in Lahore, and 53 percent of girls and 48 percent of boys in Karachi.
Knowledge about contraceptive practices, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), emotional aspects of growing up and gender-based violence is low. These findings are also the part of the baseline study.
Lifeline also conducted a curriculum review and Learning Needs Assessment (LNA) of the Life Skill Based Education (LSBE) course taught in certain schools. The course imparts basic knowledge to adolescents to help them to cope with the physiological, psychological, political and social changes in their lives.
LifeLine’s review of this course says 84 percent of students between 12 and 15 years are in favour of the course being taught in schools.
Furthermore, no objections were raised to teaching the LSBE course by any quarter, including religious leaders and politicians.
http://images.thenews.com.pk/21-04-2013/ethenews/e-172564.htm
The youth Vote
Figures released by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) show that a significant proportion of this year’s electorate is made up of people under the age of 35. Nearly half of the 84 million registered voters – 47.8 per cent – are aged between 18 and 35, while 19.77 percent, or 16.88 million voters, are under the age of 26. The youth of Pakistan will be the deciding force in the coming election, which is currently scheduled to take place on May 11. Youth can vote to bring change through ballot.
Read more at: http://e.thenews.com.pk/4-21-2013/page6.asp#;
Read more at: http://e.thenews.com.pk/4-21-2013/page6.asp#;
Friday, April 19, 2013
Pakistan passed the Reproductive Healthcare and Rights Act 2013
Pakistan passed the Reproductive Healthcare and Rights Act 2013
The National Assembly of Pakistan unanimously passed the Reproductive Healthcare and Rights Act 2013 on March 12, 2013. The Private Member Bill was introduced by Hon. Dr. Attiya Inayatullah, MP. The bill seeks to promote reproductive healthcare and rights in accordance with the Constitution and to fulfill International commitments made by the Government of Pakistan under the Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/afghan-girl--6--rescued-from-child-bride-fate--many-others-not-so-lucky-181725317.html
Sexual and reproductive health: ‘Denial of rights, lack of awareness hurting youth’
A comprehensive baseline and end-line research study on the “Status of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of Young People in Pakistan,” to be launched in Islamabad today, confirmed fears that the younger generation suffers from a lack of awareness and limited knowledge about sexual health.
Findings of the study, conducted by Rutgers World Population Foundation (WPF), reveal that of the 1,340 youth surveyed across the country, only 47 per cent of boys and 38 per cent of girls had access to SRHR.
These results, measured on a scale of one to five where one is “not aware” and five is “fully aware”, merited a score of 2.43 in the baseline and 2.59 in the end-line survey.
Rutgers WPF Country Head Qadeer Baig while speaking to The Express Tribune, said an innovative youth development programme titled ‘Rights Driven Institutionalisation of SRHR in Pakistan’, was initiated by Rutgers WPF in collaboration with the European Union from 2009 to 2012.
The aim of the programme, better known as Hamara Kal, was to improve awareness among the youth by creating an enabling environment for them, and advocating SRHR-friendly policies in the education and health sectors.
Rutgers WPF conducted an assessment on the status of six of twelve SRHR rights and replicated the study in 2012 to gauge changes that might have occurred over the four years.
Of the six, the right to information and education scored a mean of 2.5, significantly worse than the right to right to equality, right to privacy, right to choose and the right to decide. The right to healthcare and protection also achieved a disappointing score.
“The right to information and education gives young people access to important information on SRHR which can guard them against abuse, exploitation and disease. When this right is denied, the results are a lack of knowledge, lack of access to modern contraceptives, decreasing social status, increased sexual harassment of women, and an increase in HIV infections,” said Baig.
Significant differences were reflected in statistics for a girl’s right to choose her life partner. Baseline and end-line means for boys were 3.4 and 3.39 respectively, while for girls the corresponding numbers were 2.28 and 2.52.
Rutgers WFP SRHR Programme Manager Ayesha Ali said the survey revealed that among all adolescents, girls in marginalised communities were most discriminated against. Transgenders also reported discrimination, in their own homes as well as at educational institutions.
She said an improvement in societal attitudes towards SRHR education was critical to ensuring that young people would be able to enjoy a healthy and risk-free adult life.
Published in The Express Tribune, April 18th, 2013.
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